Essay --

Belief system â€Å"An belief system is a lot of cognizant and oblivious thoughts that comprise one’s objectives, desires, and actions.† Today term philosophy is utilized from various perspectives, which now and then it is hard to depict. In view of word reference, a belief system is the assortment of thoughts mirroring the social needs and goals of a(n) singular, gathering, class, or culture. I think from the definitions that I composed above, belief system is the getting that whenever spread and rehearsed in the network then it’s called philosophy. Along these lines, on the off chance that somebody shares something that we as a whole comprehend or conviction, we can consider it a belief system. For instance, a gathering of individuals living close to the wild may share the belief system that it isn't shrewd to wander into the bramble alone and around evening time. Another model is that individuals who live in the city, generally, might accept that it bode well to look left and right before going across a road. Sound judgment belief system frequently concerns the insurance of the individual and network in general. In reality, belief system is a significant idea to be concentrated in Political Science. The term belief system is mama...

6 steps to dealing with a forgetful boss

6 stages to managing a careless chief Each activity has a mystery segment that never shows up on a set of working responsibilities or yearly audit: dealing with your relationship with your chief. Except if you’re at the exceptionally top of your company’s natural way of life, you have a supervisor who works above and with you to ensure you’re doing what you have to do. Be that as it may, despite the fact that this is a profoundly proficient relationship, it’s additionally a human one, with your character and your boss’s in play. In the event that you have a supervisor who will in general overlook things, or has a limited capacity to focus, the work day can feel somewhat like Groundhog Day as you clarify and re-clarify things-however it doesn’t must be that way. Let’s go over certain systems you can use to ensure your manager has all the information she needs, while helping you keep your sanity.1. Put it in writingWhen you come out of a gathering, or talk about something wi th your chief, catch up with notes before long. That way, you have a record of what you discussed, what following stages were, what everyone’s obligations will be, and so forth. At the point when your manager comes to you later to get some information about theme X, you’ll have the option to state, â€Å"Oh, I have the notes on that from a week ago. I can resend.† Then it’s only a speedy email forward, and not a repeat conversation of things you’d as of now covered.2. Be proactiveDon’t trust that your supervisor will come to you with a solicitation like, â€Å"Can you update me on X?† or â€Å"I’m blanking on what you would do next for Y.† Sending short, standard notices on different tasks can help keep your manager on the up and up (forestalling inquiries and you halting and clarify things), and refresh his memory about what you’re doing, and when.3. Focus on your informationIf you’re managing a bossâ€⠄¢s limited capacity to focus (or occupied ness, or interruption) keep your conversations centered. On the off chance that you have a status meeting where you update on various undertakings, send a plan with the most significant things featured, so you can keep the conversation concentrated on explicit focuses. Rather than having huge gatherings on a scope of points, consider having shorter gatherings, each on a different and focused on theme. Remaining on-theme can keep consideration and conversations from meandering excessively far from the subject at hand.4. Use email more efficientlyNothing loses all sense of direction in an inbox quicker than an email title of â€Å"Hey, speedy question† or â€Å"Meeting to discuss.† The simplicity and convenientce of email frequently makes for easygoing composition, yet whether you’re sending an email from your work area or on the fly from your telephone, set aside the effort to make the headline as explicit as could reaso nably be expected. That makes it progressively findable in your boss’s inbox, and may help head off follow-up addresses that have just been answered.5. Tailor to your boss’s personalityThink about what the center issue is here. Is it true that he is absent minded in light of the fact that he’s in steady gatherings, and just doesn’t have the opportunity to process data? Improves visual introductions than with verbose conversations? It’s like how instructors adjust their homerooms to how understudies learn. In the event that you consider why your supervisor is absent minded or isn’t focusing, it can assist you with making sense of how to assault the issue. It doesn’t mean your supervisor is making an awful showing only that her style might be not quite the same as your own.6. Go to technologyIf you don’t feel good setting updates for your chief, there are approaches to let tech do that for you. Profitability applications like Asa na or Evernote can assist you with dealing with your own outstanding burden and ventures, yet they additionally have worked in instruments like the capacity to allot assignments to others, send email updates, and so forth. It tends to be a delicate method to remind your supervisor that he needs to send you the data you need, or approve something before you can continue. Reward: it’ll keep you progressively sorted out too!If you have a director whose style can appear to be preoccupied now and again, don’t despair. You can’t fundamentally change your chief or his style, yet you can take a shot at the way you â€Å"manage up† to help keep up your own profitability and significant serenity.

Funding your SIPA education (as an international student) part 8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Funding your SIPA education (as an international student) part 8 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you are an international student (or will be), you may be faced with some challenges in identifying funding sources available for studying in the US.   But each year, approximately half of SIPA’s students are international, and each of them has found their own way to meet the costs associated with furthering their education overseas. As you are probably aware, SIPA offers a number of scholarships for first year students, and scholarships and assistantships for students in their second year of study.   All of these awards are available to international students.   All applicants for admission are automatically considered for funding during their first year, and all interested students should apply for second year funding during the application period (typically early in the spring semester).   Some international students borrow students loans from private lenders while studying here (loans from the US Government are not available to international students).   For more information and a list of lenders that international students at Columbia University have had success with, click here.    Please note lenders require international students to have a US citizen or permanent resident as a co-signer. We certainly recommend that students thoroughly investigate all forms of assistance from government or private sources in their own countries.   Many international students at SIPA have been supported by their governments, employers or other agencies while studying here.   There are also resources available from entities in the United States and elsewhere that may be helpful, and we have compiled a list of websites that contain information that may be of use to international students seeking funding: http://www.foreignborn.com/study_in_us/8-paying4school.htm http://www.intlstudent.org/scholarships.html http://scholarships.berkeley.edu/main_content/schol_details/pdf/int_student_opportunities.pdf http://www.iefa.org/ http://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/the-scholarship-coach/2012/03/22/an-international-students-guide-to-us-scholarships http://www.edupass.org/finaid/ http://www.fundingusstudy.org/StateSearch.asp SIPA’s Financial Aid Office also has a database of external funding opportunities; although it is not specifically for international students (and admittedly has some dead links that we will soon be in the process of cleaning up as SIPA transitions to a new website), we encourage you to visit that site as well.   Click here for details.

Industrial Revolution After The Civil War - 956 Words

The Inusterial Revolution after the Civil War Between 18-19th centuries after the Civil War, a chain of events occurred that brought about several changes in the way that people lived and worked in the United States.This period ranges from the time when cities started growing rapidly because human hand labor was drastically changed to machine labor. These events started the American Industrial Revolution, which later affected African American socially, economically and politically. However, many of these changes brought by Industrial Revolution also affected several groups like Workers, Immigrants, and Children e.t.c. This paper will analysis three major effects the Industrial Revolution had on the Society, Economy and Politics of America as well as the above mentioned groups (Backer, n.d) Society undergoes a major transformation as a result of so many consequences. Firstly the society expanded and the population of the inhabitant increases due to migration and search for jobs from the area of low employment in areas of high employment. Hand work was changed to machine labor and this made women started working in long hours and the rise of child labor, and immigration from the west for greener pasture increased. The rapid growth of factories enables many Americans abandoned farming and went in search for factory jobs which was in demand due to the use of machines. However, this changed the style of living in the society and added a separate class of people known as theShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of The American Industrial Revolution1467 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction of the American Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution, which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also led to great improvements ofRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution, which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also led to great improvements of the economy and so ciety. The Industrial RevolutionRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction of Industrial Revolution in United States: The Industrial Revolution resulted in a shift from agriculture to industrial factories. In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also was the great developmentRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Middle East1071 Words   |  5 Pagessystem of war. From Gangas Khan to America’s involvement in the Middle East, all successful generals, military leaders, and conquerors have found commonality in their zealous emphasis on, and desire for, possessing the most technologically advanced forms of weaponry. Such a desire was not ignored in America nor England during the Industrial Revolution, but, rather, was seen by many as an opportune investment during a time of extraordinarily progressive innovatio n. With this in mind the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreIndustrialization During 1865 and 1920 That Influenced U.S. Society, Economy, and Politics1205 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT Impact of Industrialization after the Civil War on American Society (Thesis Outline) [Strayer University] [U.S History 105] ] Impact of Industrialization After the Civil War on American Society (Thesis Outline) Part 1- Thesis Statement The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in human history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. After the Civil War, industrialization took on an unpredictable change of eventsRead MoreHow Did Labor Change After The American Revolution?1626 Words   |  7 Pageslabor change after the American Revolution? THINK ABOUT: How did technology impact the older, artisan labor system, slave labor and industrial labor to 1877? What ideologies were in conflict over â€Å"free labor†? How did gender and regionalism impact attitudes toward labor in American society? The American Revolution was not the only revolution to take place in America. The Industrial revolution was happening all across America in the times leading up to the Civil War. The Industrial Revolution, which cameRead MoreCauses Of The Civil War And Reconstruction751 Words   |  4 Pages The events that comes to mind when most of people talk about the U.S history are the Civil War and the Reconstruction. The Civil War was the turning point in the U.S history, while the Reconstruction brought order out of chaos of the Civil War. After all these, the U.S grows rapidly and becomes a superpower today. From my perspective, the most important cause of the Civil War is the conflict between the northern capitalism economy and the sourthern plantation economy. And the Reconstruction didRead MoreThe Second American Revolution891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clear toRead MoreThe Second American Revolution901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clearRead MoreIndustrialization After the Civil War Research Paper1321 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper Industrialization after the Civil War Shana Dukes History 105 Professor Tracey M. Biagas February 3. 2014 Introduction Industrialization after the Civil War was a period where Industrial city were being built, there were jobs for people and the political aspect was having corruption. In this paper the main points in this paper discussed the major aspects of the Industrialization Revolution, such as groups that were affected by the Industrial society, and the affects the life

Executive Leadership and Employee Motivation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1753 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/28 Category Management Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Leadership Essay Motivation Essay Did you like this example? This topic is important in building onesentrepreneurial skills. Executive leadership refers to the ability of managers and all other leaders within any organization to guide and create an influence to the workers. Those who lead an executive leadership process typically oversees business activities such as strategic planning and developments, decision making and overall fulfilling organizational goals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Executive Leadership and Employee Motivation" essay for you Create order In every business organization there are various types of executive leaderships which includes authentic leadership, servant leadership, and paternalistic leadership. This leaders should be depicted by strong characteristics that include motivational leadership skills, accountability, extensive job experience within their professions and full of problem solving skills. Strong executive leaders in most business organizations possess analytical skills used to find out ways in which the organization can derive benefits and maximize employees productivity from the available resources within the company, (Bisk., 2015). In order to avoid low motivation of any organization employees execute leaders have to put basic roles in play. However, in for this role to be achieved the leaders are guided by various processes that includes encouraging employee performance measurements individually, risks analysis and company goals. Other factors such as willingness to collaborate, ability to listen and empathy are useful and much valuable for all executive leaders to implement them in their daily duties. Executive leadership is useful in building organization employees though motivation and other general activities. Organization executive leaders mostly follow up the mix of interpersonal skills both soft and hard as they create an inspiration to all employees, thus, leveraging their attributes in order to improve business process. In other cases they play crucial roles in development and exemplification of their organizations corporate culture that is highly considered in employees motivations development. They includes the executive leader degree of emphasis that is placed on various definition elements that includes collaboration, innovation, hierarchy, competition, social engagement and community involvement. However, due the current technology input, most executive leadership for Chief Information Officer have become both important and more complicated (Cooper, 2003). This is because most new ideas such as cloud computing, mobility, and Internet of Things have developed to be vital parts of the business organizations success. Therefore, each and every executive manage is obligated to make su re that these ideas and technologies are basically properly oriented within the business organization processes. These factors enables executive leader develop high motivations to the employees thus maximizing the business values as they try to avoid security risk and regulatory compliance. Organization executive leaders should always be team energizers. They should always be striving to bring positive energy and even more passion to the workers. Always bearing in mind that the employees are the ones who help the business thrive even at the times of the nations worst economic periods.so the workers need some source of some positive energy and this is where the executive leaders should come I instead of them being the type of leaders who suck the energy away from the employees. Also the Organization executive leaders are supposed to understand that life is not all about work. There should always be time set for the workers to reflect on other aspects of life and even offer them spiritual and emotional support whenever the workers need it. The executive has a role of even encouraging their workers to stay healthy by even organizing workshops for them about healthy lifestyles and this will help make the workers feel valued (Conner, 2014). For the organization committee executive to succeed in motivating workers then they ought to always put their workers first. It is these people that they hire, train and even manage them to deliver their goods they are producing or services they are offering. Most of the responsibilities are entrusted to these workers and for them to deliver things the way the executive wants, then their needs must always be taken care of at any time with a greater priority. All the actions of organization executive committee should be full of integrity. They should not always go against the best interests of the employees like if the point of interest in question can attract external participants like the media or the public. When the employees realize that as a committee they cherish integrity they will feel motivated and even build some sense of pride in them for the organization, (Bisk., 2015). Executive leaders in any organization should have great communication skills. Leadership is all about influencing others and for these influence to be achieved the words passed to the employees must be very impactful to them. They should be capable of communicating to a large audience composed of all sort of people and be able to impact them and pass their message without any struggle. Also, they not only need to be great communicators but also great listeners. They should be able to find the meaning that is beneath any of their workers words. Show the employees that the committee is always there to receive them with an open ear, (Cooper, 2003). This will help motivate them because sometimes the workers are just looking for someone they can speak to and share their burden with. If the executive committee offers this platform of taking time and listen to their workers, then they will feel valued and will be greatly motivated for their duties. Good leaders are problem solvers and any organization executive leaders should be the same. They should not always seat and wait for the workers to solve all the problems of the organization by their own. If they give show concern and share any idea that they have of solving any problem whether individual to the workers or generally to the organization then the workers will definitely be motivated. Also not just helping workers solve problems or solve problems by themselves but also take the task of helping the workers become the best problem solvers by their own in any situation. For the executive be able to help their workers become problem solvers, places another task of them leading through competence and experience and not through position or tittle. Encourage the employees and mentor them to even become something greater in the future. The employees will see people who want the best for them and they will be motivated to do their tasks and deliver the services even more than it is expected. In any case, its the directors obligation to contribute decidedly to the condition, too. I have seen numerous circumstances where the negative state of mind was caused by the supervisor. For instance, he should approach workers with deference, esteem their commitments, impart desires and give input, (Conner, 2014). With that, the representative will likely be fulfilled. Assuming, notwithstanding, that director makes the additional move to find what every individuals interior inspirations and objectives are, and after that tries to attach those to the current work, inspiration will take off. All things considered, isnt that the additional esteem a supervisor ought to convey to the blend? On the off chance that we lived in a perfect world, where everybody was flawlessly coordinated to their work and were totally self-persuaded, the supervisor part could never have been made. Creating good and cooperation absolutely key affects an organization prosperity in terms of growth and enlarging markets. Thekey or passionate condition of a man constitutes his or her ethical texture. A pioneers activities and choices influence the resolve of his subordinates, (Bisk., 2015). Thus, he decides to dependent on as they know about their exercises and choices. Cooperation within the organizations builds basic employees motivation. The manager in most cases becomes dependable to ensure that all the subordinates are able to appreciate playing out their roles in by making them a designed association. To conclude, workers motivation is imperative in the way human power is administered. Representatives are roused for various reasons which have important in the business associations. Motivation and maintenance of employees keeps good performance, expanding profit levels and even the yielding in the organization; enhancement of cooperations success together with the resolving of workers.Different reasons are diminishing the operation costs, diminishing representatives turnover, and decreasing truancy, (Cooper, 2003). Keep in mind to wind up plainly a proficient pioneer, you should act naturally persuaded. As a manger you should understand, personality, necessities and create a successful impact in business objectives by compelling impulse motivation. In case of incidents when they are self-spurred, they can then inspire others in order to accomplish the organizations objectives. Annotated bibliography Bisk. (2015). The Responsibilities of a Team Leader. Mendoza College of Business. This journal article summarizes the basic roles and responsibilities all organization leaders should depict to the employees. It gives length discussion of the importance of executive leaders in motivating employees in order to achieve the organization goals successfully. Bisk takes leaders as the key cornerstones in any group. He describes them as the drives of the organizations. He concludes by highlighting that focused executive employees will always be successful in their duties therefore for leaders to be successful they must be goal oriented. Conner, C. (2014). 6 Ways To Increase Employee Morale And Performance (Without Giving A Raise). Forbes Entrepreneurs. Conner contributes to the entrepreneurs by advising them that employee morale can be increased without even money increase consideration. In this article the different roles of employees are there leaders are summarized well by giving examples and incidents where the said factor can be effective. Journalist Conner outlines the basic advantages of a well-motivated employee within an organization. The six ways are well discussed to give the reader a strong background to build his or her career goals. She is aware of the limitations and possible ethical implications that affects how workers. She sis forthcoming about her methods and supplement her points with scholarly research on her place of work. Cooper, D. (2003). Followership, employee commitment and motivation. Leadership for Follower Commitment, pp. 67-136. Cooper article discusses the employeescommitments, motivation and importance of executive leaders to build a healthy environment for worker and build success of the organization. The main aim of Cooper is to build a group that has same goals, with same factors that are cooperated by the executive leaders. Cooper argues his points in a way that makes the reader grasp the actual points at glance. The article is destined to motivate employees work in groups in order to encourage one References Bisk. (2015). The Responsibilities of a Team Leader. Mendoza College of Business. Conner, C. (2014). 6 Ways To Increase Employee Morale And Performance (Without Giving A Raise). Forbes Entrepreneurs. Cooper, D. (2003). Followership, employee commitment and motivation. Leadership for Follower Commitment, pp. 67-136.

Superstition Essay Free Essays

English Composition Dr. Linfoot 30 September 2010 Worried Sick Believe it or not most of us are affected by some form of anxiety in our everyday life. Weather it is being shy when talking in front of a large audience or worrying about a big paper you have to write for your English class. We will write a custom essay sample on Superstition Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are both common forms of anxiety related issues. Though neither is very severe both can be attributed to a manifestation of anxiety. It is believed that it is normal for everyone to experience a mild amount of anxiety during their lifetime. Common mild anxiety can be attributed to the stresses of everyday life. Anxiety diagnosis is at an all time high and is the number one mental health problem throughout the world. Anxiety affects more than twenty million people worldwide. The physical effects of anxiety and its disorders can range from being very mild such as being stressed out, all the way to severe and debilitating. Anxiety disorders can become so chronic and debilitating, that just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult for a person suffering from a form of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety does not discriminate it affects every race, ethnicity, gender and social class. Nobody is immune to it. A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears† (qtd. In Root 1). Anxiety is an uncontrollable persistent feeling of dread, fear and worry. Anxiety can be attributed to a stressful or traumatic event that took place previously in a persons life. The early warning signs and symptoms of anxiety related disorders start with worrying excessively about minor matters. Mo re severe symptoms include muscle aches, tension and spasms along with shortness of breath and heart palpitations. People diagnosed with anxiety related disorders often experience other mental health problems such as depression. Depression caused by anxiety is often coupled with some form of substance abuse. Women are also statistically at a greater risk of developing an anxiety related disorder. There are six scientifically classified categories of adult anxiety related disorders. The most common anxiety disorder is known as generalized anxiety disorder. General anxiety disorder is usually developed before the age of twenty. Symptoms of this disorder include persistent uncontrollable worrying that lasts longer than six months at a time. Eighty percent of people with this form of anxiety are also diagnosed with depression as well. Panic disorder is another form of anxiety. Panic disorder is also known as panic attacks. During a panic attack a person feels an intense feeling of panic and apprehension. Panic attacks happen often but sporadically and usually do not last longer than ten minutes. It is medically unknown what triggers panic attacks in people. Anxiety researchers suggest â€Å"These attacks are typically experienced out of the blue, and are not precipitated by a situational trigger†(Crits et al. 16). The most diverse category of anxiety disorders are phobias. Phobias are inexplicable and illogical fears of a particular object, class of objects, or situation. People suffering from phobias worry about what will happen when they come in contact with that particular object, class of objects or situation. Phobias can range from the fear of heights, to the fear of a certain animals. Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. People with this disorder fear social situations or interactions where they are the center of attention. They fear embarrassing themselves in front of others thus increasing their own anxiety levels. In a social setting people suffering from social anxiety disorder tend to sweat and become visibly flustered. People with this disorder try and avoid these social situations all together and are usually always self conscious type people. I think one way or the other we all have our own manifestation of social anxiety, I know I do. Presently there is a handful mainstream television shows dedicated to documenting people living with obsessive compulsive disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder is type of anxiety disorder where a person experiences repeated involuntary obsessions and compulsions. Involuntary obsessions and compulsions such as distracting ritualistic thoughts and behaviors. People suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder often spend hours a day performing their individual rituals. In a small number of cases people only suffer from a compulsion and not an obsession or vice versa. It is believed that obsessive compulsive disorder can be linked to superstition. Like superstition people with obsessive compulsive disorder tend to perform certain rituals in hopes of preventing bad things from happening to them. If left untreated obsessive compulsive disorder is known to be the most physically debilitating of all known anxiety disorders. Today post traumatic stress disorder is the most highly publicized form of all anxiety disorders. There are numerous service members coming back from both the present wars and being diagnosed with this disorder. Post traumatic stress disorder occurs as a result of experiencing a highly traumatic event such as combat, death, rape, abuse and so on. People suffering from post traumatic stress disorder often have flashbacks of that traumatic event. Flashbacks can often be triggered by something that reminds them of that traumatic event. People diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder often feel helpless from preventing the same traumatic event from occurring again. Without treatment people diagnosed with anxiety disorders often have difficulty ever leading a normal life again. There are a handful of treatment methods used by different doctors to treat anxiety disorders, but not all have been proven to be effective. Medications and psychotherapies are the two different categories of treatment methods for anxiety disorders that have proven to be most effective. The main form of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety disorders is cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy uses either individual or group therapy sessions to gradually expose a patent to his or her fears, obsessions or anxiety provoking situations. It may take several sessions for a patient to see any progression toward their goal of overcoming their anxiety disorder. By the end of the scheduled treatment therapists ultimate goal is to try and prove to the patient that their dysfunctional thought processes are unrealistic. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a slow process but has been proven to be the most effective form f psychotherapy used to treat anxiety disorders. Medication is only used in treating anxiety disorders if the patient showed little or no progress with therapy. There are several different brands of medications doctors can prescribe to treat anxiety disorders. But all brands commonly fall into three classes. The first class of medication prescribed by doctors is called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have proven to be very effective. The medication helps raise the patients level of serotonin in the brain. With continued use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors the patients overall sense of anxiety is reduced, and sense of well being is highly elevated. If selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not work for a patient, doctors then prescribe Benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines enhance the effects of natural neurotransmitters in the brain that calm and relax a person. Benzodiazepines produce a calm, almost sedative state. Benzodiazepines are highly effective but patients can become tolerable of the drug, therefore the drug is only used for less than two weeks at a time. The third category of medication is called Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOIs. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are used by sufferers of anxiety disorders but only used in a medical setting. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are not intended for daily use. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are highly potent drugs and it is easy for a patient to overdose. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors require a strict diet and do not interact well with other drugs. Because of these restrictions and dangers monoamine oxidase inhibitors are not commonly used today. To me anxiety disorders are very similar to viruses like the common cold. Everybody gets them from time to time and they can be treated, but you are never completely cured from them. All the therapy and medication in the world will not help a person completely get over their anxiety disorder. But thankfully there is always help available. During the last forty years there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders. Today doctors are now far better able to diagnose and treat anxiety disorders. The number of people diagnosed with anxiety disorders has been skyrocketing over the last few decades. I am curious to know if the umber has been climbing because of better diagnosis methods, meaning in the past people went untreated. Or could it be because people are just fearful of where the world is possibly headed? Only time and more research will be able to tell. Even a small amount of anxiety if left untreated can build up and develop into a full blown disorder. Anxiety and its disorders need to be taken seriously. They are very serious illnesses and should always be addressed. Like I stated before, a small amount of anxiety from time to time is normal. It is how you deal with your anxiety that is most important. Works cited Crits, K. , Greg, J. , Efran, J. , Greunberg, A. , Felgoise, S. , Hayes, S. , . . . Lackie, B. (2007). Anxiety Disorders : A Practitioner’s Guide to Comparative Treatments (Gosch R. DiTomasso, Eds. ). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/excelsior/docDetail. action? docID=10176162 Root, B. (2000). Understanding Panic and Other Anxiety Disorders (B. Root, Ed. ). MS: University Press of Mississippi. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/excelsior/docDetail. action? docID=10157894 How to cite Superstition Essay, Essays

Internet, Extranet, Email in companies Essay Example For Students

Internet, Extranet, Email in companies Essay The ever-changing world of technology is making the world become smaller every day. Businesses and organizations are taking advantage of the advances in technology to improve their organizations. Technologys influence reaches beyond improving relations within an organization to enhancing an organizations ability to service its customers. But even more than that technology is influencing the shape of the organization itself. In order to realize the impact of technology on business organizations, the following paper will focus on how organizations use technology within an organization (intranet, email), how organizations use technology to communicate with and service clients or customers, and finally how organizations are using the current technology to train both employees and customers. How are businesses utilizing technology with their organizations? Email Many businesses at the very least are taking advantage of the current technology to implement email systems. Email systems, in a ddition to traditional methods of communication including telephones, voice mail and face-to-face interactions are increasing the ease of communication between people in an organization. Through the use of email, people are able to send messages on a one-to-one basis, or to send broadcast messages to an entire organization, or to send messages to a specific group or department. Email provides an alternative to the traditional face-to-face or telephone communication that is necessary in business. With the increased productivity and demands that accompany day-to-day operations, people are always looking for ways to do more in less time. A written message sent via email can be short concise and to the point, eliminating some of the small talk that would normally take place in a face-to-face or telephone interaction. Another advantage of email is that people are able to respond when it is convenient for them. In a society where time is of the essence, people are able to sort through messages and to prioritize which ones should be addressed first. Furthermore, some people prefer sending email messages instead of face-to-face interactions because they are more likely to be intimidated by face-to-face communication. Email gives those types of people the freedom and the opportunity to say exactly what is on their mind. Electronic messaging systems are also a great asset to a manager in running his/her department. Managers are able to send out messages regarding everything from schedules to changes in departmental policy without having to call a meeting. Employees within the department are given the chance to give feedback without having to schedule an appointment or sending a long voice mail message. Setting up target groups for certain types of email transmissions, much like the reflectors used at UWM, also saves time and money. People are not spending time reading frivolous messages that do not apply to them, and are not spending as much time attending departmental meetings to decide policy issues. Finally, email systems provide a way to send a message to a large number of people in a very short time. Electronic messaging is a much more practical option for mass distribution than telephone or face-to-face options. Although telephone systems do allow people to send broadcast messages, email seems more efficient when the amount of information to be dispersed is large. Email systems also provide the opportunity for people in one organization to interact with people from another organization. The ability to communicate effectively and responsiveness to issues are two elements that are key to a successful business organization. Top executives from companies that have a business relationship are able to accommodate busy schedules by using email for correspondence. IntranetsWithin organizations, electronic messaging systems are usually part of a bigger network. To manage the bigger network of an organization more and more businesses are developing intranets. An intranet is an internal web site used in a company to disseminate timely corporate and business related information to employees. Organizations are likely to invest money in technology to create intranets for a variety of reasons. For example, many businesses use their intranets to centralize corporate communications. Companies will post documents for internal use in order to make them easily accessible and to ensure that they are current. .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .postImageUrl , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:hover , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:visited , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:active { border:0!important; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:active , .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d73e5ef1536d88f443fe86b28ecb6eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Langston Huges EssayIntranets also give employees easy access to client product and organizational information. Instead of trying to track down information about clients from the sales and

Advanced Organizer 8 Chapter 8 Essays - Educational Psychology

Advanced Organizer 8 Chapter 8 Essays - Educational Psychology Advanced Organizer 8 - Chapter 8: Learners with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Directions: As you review this weeks assigned readings, please complete the Advance Organizer to focus on key points. Submit in the Assignment tab in Blackboard. Before I read, here are my thoughts: What do I already know about learners with emotional or behavioral disorders in a few words (you can list terms or share a few experiences youve had)?That there are underlying issues and these can range from minor to extreme cases. What questions do I have?None Rating my knowledge: Please rate your knowledge before you read using this scale: 1.I dont feel like I know anything about this topic. 2.Ive heard some of the terms, but couldnt tell you what they mean 3.I feel fairly comfortable with the key concepts, but want to know more. 4.I know all about this, and could teach this section.3 Summarize your learning about the following terms below how can you support the learning of students with the disabilities discussed in this chapter? Main TopicKey Points Externalizing behavior what is it and give examplesInvolves striking out against others. Aggression, anger, etc. Internalizing behavior define it and give examplesInvolves mental or emotional conflicts. Depression, anxiety, etc. ComorbidityThe co-occurrence of two or more conditions. SchizophreniaA sever thinking disorder. Might believe they are being controlled by outside forces. AggressionViewed as a learned behavior and assume that it is possible to identify the conditions under which it will be learned. Zero toleranceNo tolerance for any act whether accidental or on purpose and no matter if the student is disabled or not, all is punished the same. Manifestation determination (MD)Deciding whether or not a students misbehavior is a manifestation of disability. Positive behavioral intervention plan (BIP)Emphasis on creating proactive and positive interventions and avoiding punishment. Positive behavioral intervention and support (PBIS)It integrates valued outcomes, the science of human behavior, validated procedures, and systems change to enhance quality of life and reduce problem behavior. Interim alternative educational setting (IAES)Setup for schools to use alternatives for students with EBD rather than suspension or expulsion. Treatment matched to problemsMay be assessed in environments in which the student may feel uncomfortable in order to see what causes the problems to begin with. Multicomponent treatmentMay involve more than one assessment tool or a whole team of professionals. After I read, here are my thoughts: After I read this, it reminded me of something I already knew (you can share something you know or relate the topic to some other part of your learning)Nothing Based on your reading in this chapter, what is the best way to support students with emotional or behavioral disorders?Make sure they are assessed properly and in the least restrictive environment as possible and to just listen to them and take them serious. Reflect on what you learned from Figure 8.1 in the book. What questions do I still have?None Rating my knowledge: Please rate your knowledge after you read using this scale: 1.I dont feel like I know anything about this topic. 2.Ive heard some of the terms, but couldnt tell you what they mean 3.I feel fairly comfortable with the key concepts, but want to know more. 4.I know all about this, and could teach this section.4 Other information Id like to include/remember from this chapters readingNone

US vs. British English Knowing the Difference

US vs. British English Knowing the Difference US vs. British English: Knowing the Difference Those crazy Brits with their Royal Families and metric systems (among other weird things). Whatll they think of next? We’re guessing more linguistic tricks, as they’ve already got plenty of strange spellings going on. It’s therefore important to know the differences between US and British English, especially since British spellings are confusing sometimes. I mean, come on Britain, who spells â€Å"center† with â€Å"re† at the end? Just because you invented English doesn’t mean you’re right. Herein, we run through some of the differences between US and British English, which should help you when reading texts published in the UK or writing for a British audience. Spelling Differences Rather than focus on individual words, it’s easier to learn the systematic differences between US and UK spelling: -er/-re English is full of words borrowed from other languages, and British spelling tends to keep the original forms. This includes in words that end -er/-re, such as â€Å"center† (UK = â€Å"centre†) and â€Å"fiber† (UK = â€Å"fibre†). -or/-our Another word ending to look out for is -or/-our, since British spelling adds a â€Å"u† to words like â€Å"humor†Ã‚  (UK = â€Å"humour†) and â€Å"color† (UK = â€Å"colour†). -ize/-ise Words that end â€Å"-ize† in US English – like â€Å"characterize† or â€Å"organize† – can also be spelt with â€Å"-ise† in British English (e.g., â€Å"characterise† and â€Å"organise†). The same applies to variations of these words where â€Å"-z-† appears in the middle (e.g., â€Å"organization† can also be spelt â€Å"organisation† in the UK). Weirdly, although British English accepts either â€Å"-ize† or â€Å"-ise,† this isn’t the case when a word is spelt with a â€Å"-yze.† As such, words like â€Å"analyze† are always spelt with an â€Å"s† (i.e., â€Å"analyse†) in the UK. Vowel + L Words that end in a vowel plus an â€Å"-l,† like â€Å"travel† or â€Å"shovel,† use a double â€Å"l† in British English when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel (e.g., â€Å"-ing,† â€Å"-ed,† â€Å"-er†). For example, in the UK, â€Å"traveling,† â€Å"traveled† and â€Å"traveler† become â€Å"travelling,† â€Å"travelled† and â€Å"traveller† respectively. -s-/-c- Some words that contain an â€Å"s† in US English are spelt with a soft â€Å"c† in British English, particularly when the word ends â€Å"-ense.† â€Å"Offense† and â€Å"defense,† for instance, are spelt â€Å"offence† and â€Å"defence† in the UK. Confusingly, the British also have two spellings for â€Å"practice.† This depends on whether it’s used as a noun (â€Å"practice†) or a verb (â€Å"practise†), so it pays to be careful with these words. Vocabulary As well as spelling, there are many differences in vocabulary between US and British English. In the USA, for example, we walk along the sidewalk, eating a cookie on the way to the movies. But in Britain they walk along the pavement, eating a biscuit on the way to the cinema. We won’t list all the differences here, but it’s worth keeping vocabulary in mind if you’re writing for a British audience.

Assess the arguments for and against the claim the American news media Essay

Assess the arguments for and against the claim the American news media is inherently biased in favour of liberalism - Essay Example On the other side of the coin, it is possible that the media may have a liberal bias and since liberals get what they want to see that is why liberals are least likely to raise their voice against media bias in United States. This paper is an attempt to explore the same by assessing the arguments presented by critics, which are both for and against a liberal bias in the American news media (Anderson, pp. 62-68, 2005). Media bias refers to â€Å"perceived attribute of a news source whereby the individual news source, or the group the news source represents, has a clear ‘vested interest’ in a cause or action relative to maintaining or changing the status quo? (And) a biased journalistic perspective, then, would mean only one side, not two or more sides, of an issue is presented† (Alterman, pp. 210-212, 2004). Critics favoring the existence of a liberal bias present many studies which reveal that there are far more democrat journalists as compared to republican journalists. For example, a study conducted in 1999 by the American Society of Newspaper editors revealed that 61 percent of the newsroom respondents identified themselves as democrats or their thoughts bear the most resemblance to that of democrats. However, only a mere 10 percent of newsroom respondents identified that they either are republicans or believe that their thoughts are represented by the republican ideals. Furthermore, these percentages change when one considers the small newspapers. The number of democratic supporters’ drops down to 48 percent and the number for republicans rise to 21 percent. This debate received more heat when the figures of the amounts donated to democratic and republican party from the employees of NBC, CBS and ABC came on to the scene. The Democratic Party received the donations of over 1 million US dollars from approximately 1160

Project size and effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project size and effectiveness - Essay Example The failure of a project is never affected by a single factor but a blend of factors that cripple the whole project. The statement â€Å"the larger the project is, the easier it fails. Nothing can change this trend† contains traces of truth in it. The last part of the statement is very wrong; the pattern can be broken by effective management principles and skilled personnel. It is a fact that bigger projects come with many responsibilities and tasks that should be effectively managed to succeed (Nicholas & Steyn, 2012). It demands collaboration, planning and control to make sure all team members are working towards the achievement of the project goals. Therefore, if an inexperienced project manager is given a chance to leader a big project the chances of failure increase significantly. Handling smaller projects can be relatively easy because very few people and activities are involved. Therefore, managing people and tasks is relatively easy. Regardless, it is very hard to find a project that cites the only reason for failure as its enormous size. Projects fail due to poor governance, poor implementation, lack of focus, and environmental changes. Poor governance is characterized by the provision of project sponsor who cannot inspire project members to work hard. The absence of passion and extensive knowledge on the project only serve to discourage other people (Nicholas & Steyn, 2012). The practical implementation of a project provides a positive start for the project, which is likely to lead to a definite finish. The lack of focus breeds complacency, which can certainly lead to project failure. It is very hard to keep the large teams that come with large projects motivated. A project manager can find it challenging to keep all project team members focused on achieving organizational goals and objectives. It is a fact that a project manager has to delegate duties when dealing with a massive project. As a result, direct

Paraprofessional for Special Needs Children

Paraprofessional for Special Needs Children Paraprofessional for Special Needs Children For the past eleven years I have been a paraprofessional for special needs children. During those years I have learned about the different treatments and intervention techniques used for the various disorders among children. Through hands-on activities at work, various workshops , seminars and my own research, I have acquired knowledge about the different disabilities. I now feel I know what to expect from a student and can make the right judgment calls in different situations in order to facilitate learning. I have learned to manage children in both groups and individually, clerical responsibilities, organizational and creative abilities, , written and spoken communication skills, following instructions given by the teacher, and classroom management. Children with special needs have certain deficits, which warrant special support to â€Å"survive† a day at school. Room preparation and preparation of class materials is very important. The classroom should be set up so that there is a smooth â€Å"flow† to it. From the moment the child arrives in the morning, the daily routine should start. An example of a classroom for special needs children will be found at the end of this paper. Preparation of classroom materials is also important. Children should have a â€Å"bin† of some sort filled with materials to use for their programs and tasks. For example, if John is working on counting, alphabet and colors then the flash cards, manipulatives and picture cards should be in the bin labeled with his name on it. This way,when it is time for him to work everything is ready. Also, if there is an art project scheduled, all necessary materials should be ready. Children with special needs find it very difficult to wait for any lengthy period of time. It is very important to have the day flow as easily and as smoothly as possible. The daily schedule is important aspect in having a successful day. Each child has his own schedule due to the different services that each one has. Not all children receive all services, which may be OT (occupational therapy), PT (physical therapy), or speech. Some schedules may be in pictures and other in words. Not all children are capable of reading and therefore some children may be more adaptable to pictures. The classroom teacher would determine this. All of these supports and organizational aids help in supporting children with special needs especially those with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) and AD/HD (attention deficit/hyperactive disorder). Their information processing difficulties and auditory weaknesses require much support. In addition, their problems in the areas of social understanding make it difficult for them to distinguish between what is important and what is not. Their problems with organizational skills sometimes make them look lazy which is another reason why they need visual supports such as pictoral or written schedules. An example of a child’s schedule is as follows: Independent work Work session 1 Work session 2 Lunch Group work Work session 3 Speech Music All done Pack-up Go home A piece of construction paper is laminated as well as all the instructions. Each instruction is velcroed onto the construction paper. When the child enters the class in the morning he removes the first instruction over to â€Å"Time for†. Then when that task is done the child goes back to his schedule and places the completed task into the pouch marked â€Å"All done† and moves the next task over to â€Å"Time for†. This is done throughout the day. Directing and facilitating attention to the teacher and/or task is another responsibility of the paraprofessional. Children who are more able – those with mild learning disabilities and attention problems – can basically take in and process information that the teacher is presenting and just need to be refocused toward the teacher. Less able students are less capable to take in information successfully so in this case the paraprofessional needs to take a more directive role with regard to instruction. The Para also needs to take on a greater responsibility for using the modifications and supports needed to promote the student’s attention. This is where the role of the Para is extremely important. He/she needs to make effective decision-making in selecting the best supports to aid in the student’s understanding and which promote learning. Another important aspect, which I have learned, is pre and post-teaching. They are the backbones of direct Para support for students with significant disabilities especially in the inclusion classroom, which is at a much faster pace that a self-contained class. (A self-contained class is a class which has only special education students in it.) Pre-teaching is a concept or lesson that helps the student to become more familiar with the materials and activities at their own pace. Therefore when the lesson is given in a group the student will have already become familiar with the topic. It would be like going to Spain without any knowledge of the Spanish language. Your anxiety level would be very high when spoken to and you would have no idea what was said. However, if you had taken a few Spanish speaking classes you would at least be familiar with some of the conversation and able to put the whole idea together. Post-teaching is also very important because it reinforces any question th e student may have. It also promotes generalization, which is one area in which children with ASD have great difficulty. Many children with ASD can learn in one setting but when taken out of that setting they can’t seem to know what was taught in the original setting. The importance, which I have learned, of pre and post-teaching cannot be over-exaggerated because it can help the student become more comfortable and more responsive in the learning environment. In working with ASD children I have also learned that breaking down tasks into smaller units is very helpful because then the task will not be so overwhelming. For example, during a math lesson the teacher will instruct the students to do the twelve problems on a certain page and when they are done the whole class will go over it. For a child with ASD these twelve problems may look like 100 problems. Not able to verbalize what the problem is, the student may act out and become disruptive in the class. It may appear that the student just didn’t want to do it. There may be several solutions to this problem. One may be to cover half the problems with a sheet of plain paper so that visually there are fewer problems that need to be done, or have the student do them at intervals throughout the day. This will result in the student being successful with the task and will also eliminate any behavioral disruption. As a Para, I learned that there are countless ways to adapt and modify the curriculum to help the special needs child perform and participate more effectively. Appropriate materials and the correct environment can also support the child in the learning process. There are long-standing supports such as daily schedules and short-term supports which would be direct instruction modification. The math example, as stated above, is short-term. For the most part, adjustments regarding teaching materials and modifications are the responsibility of the Para. However, it is the duty of the Para to review any adaptations with the certified staff member. We, as Paras, are the support staff. We are under the direction and supervision of the classroom or special area teacher. Any curricular modification directly affects the content of the student’s educational program. I learned data taking is another important responsibility of the Para. Many times, because of frustration, anxiety and the lack of being able to verbalize what the problem is, children with ASD will have problem behaviors. It is important to understand that problem behaviors are different than a behavior problem. If you consider a student a behavior problem than you look no further than the student himself. However, if you view the student as having problem behaviors, you are more likely to look for causes either from the environment or within the student himself. When a Para recognizes that there is a problem behavior, the certified staff member and the psychologist should meet to discuss what behavioral supports may be necessary. You, as the Para, will be asked to take data. This data is called ABC; A-antecedent, B-behavior exhibited and C-consequence. ABC DATA Antecedent Behavior Consequence Math lesson fell to the floor removed from room When the behavior occurs, the Para will write down what occurred before, what the behavior was and what consequence was given for the behavior. How long you take the data is at the discretion of the certified staff and psychologist. Once the data is taken, it is reviewed and a behavioral support plan is put into place. One type of plan is â€Å"if-then† support. For example, â€Å"If you throw your worksheet on the floor, then you will lose time on the computer.† It is very important that the child understands and knows what the targeted behavior and consequence is in order for the behavioral support to work. Another type of behavioral support is a token system. The child is told that when he/she gets five tokens (pennies, stickers, smiley faces, etc.) he gets to choose a preferred activity for a certain amount of time. This type of behavioral support reinforces good behavior. There are many other types of behavioral support plans and it is important to know that no two are the same. The type of plans and how it is implemented depends on each child. If implemented correctly it can have a significant impact for positive behavioral change. One important aspect in problem behaviors is to watch that the inappropriate behavior not be inadvertently reinforced. Some children act out for task avoidance. In reality the student is acting out to be removed from the situation. When this occurs the Para needs to work through the behavior. However, there are circumstances in inclusive settings where the child must be removed because it is too distracting to the typical peers. If this occurs, the child should be removed but the task must be completed in order to show the child that his behavior will not be rewarded and â€Å"get him out of doing his work†. In addition to all, which I have learned, clerical tasks are another aspect of being a Para. One clerical task is to provide a written record of the student’s daily functioning. These records are a part of the student’s programming. Giving the team important information regarding progress, setbacks and an insight into future planning is critical. Another part of the clerical tasks is also keeping data on IEP (Individualized Education Plan) goals. A Para should be proactive in consulting with the teacher to find out the goals and keeping accurate records regarding them. One example of an IEP goal would be: John will initiate game playing with a peer with 80% accuracy. A data sheet with data will show if John is reaching the goal over a certain period of time. The data will also show whether John is having difficulty accomplishing this goal and if so, adjustments should be made to the way in which this goal is being addressed. The daily record and the data on IEP goals ar e very crucial parts of supporting the student and should not be taken lightly. They are essential because they provide records for meetings and will aid the child’s next teacher, and possibly a new Para, in the event you are reassigned. All of the supports, which a Para gives to a special needs child, serve an important purpose. The support given promotes understanding, minimizes anxiety, gives a positive influence on behavior, promotes independence and competence and strengthens the overall student learning. Without these supports, students with special needs are left to help themselves. Under those circumstances stress and anxiety increase and the learning process is compromised. The proper support can mean the difference between success and failure. Through the past eleven years the knowledge that I acquired is endless and ongoing. I’ve learned about different learning disabilities, child development, instructional process for different special needs children, and most of all, working together as a team with the certified staff. As a Paraprofessional I know my role is critical to the successful school experience of the student. When a child has accomplished even the smallest goal it gives me great satisfaction and pleasure to know that I played an important part in making a difference in the life of a special needs child. These are positive steps and make me feel proud of the particular child. What happens as a result is that they themselves become encouraged by their achievement. There are days when it is particularly challenging to help a student complete a task, but these challenges are usually overcome by meeting with the team and following specific suggestions. From the Author Unknown â€Å"†¦it will not matter what my bank account was, the sort of house I lived in, or the kind of car I drove†¦ but the world may be different because I was important in the life of a CHILD.†

The Travel Expense Billing Controversy and False Claims Act Essay

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), a major accounting firm, was engaged in unethical billing practices that generated millions of dollars in additional revenue to the company. PwC was charging its clients the full price of airline tickets and other travel expenses, such as hotel rooms and car rentals, while it was actually expending only a small percentage of the full amount billed to its clients due to applied rebates and discounts it received under travel agencies and airline contracts and negotiations. Therefore, the company was â€Å"overcharging†¦ clients and pocketing the difference without revealing the practice† (AccountingWeb). However, since Neal A. Roberts, a PwC employee, discovered his employer’s travel billing practices, PwC found itself in a very difficult situation. Mr. Roberts wasn’t in agreement with his company’s billing method and made several attempts to address the problem while working for his firm without much success. He reache d out to the company’s ethics department and to an in-house PwC lawyer, but only managed to have the company’s policy revised, not corrected. A group of people (mostly the company’s partners) decided that under the new policy, PwC would have to disclose most of the discounts to its clients but still keep 8 percent of the rebates as a â€Å"cover our costs† fee while retaining the â€Å"millions†¦ collected previously on the earlier rebates† (Carroll and Buchholtz 630). Despite these policy changes, Neil A. Roberts remained dissatisfied and decided to file a False Claims lawsuit against PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The False Claims Act is a federal legislation that was established to make sure companies were not circumventing the government. Under this legislation, anyone who knows about â€Å"companies that are defrauding the government may sue on the government’s behalf and share in the proceeds of the suit† while being protected from workplace retaliation under the qui tam (also known as a whistle-blower) provisions of the Act (Carroll and Buchholtz 630). In December 2003, Mr. Roberts won the False Claims lawsuit against PwC after much investigation, and â€Å"the accounting firm agreed†¦ to a settlement valued at $54.5 million† although it denied the fraud allegations (Weil 1). Considering this travel expense billing controversy, the company failed to obtain integrity and professionalism by carrying out this unethical pr actice for its own benefit. It was selfish, only seeking profit, and neglected its reputation in front  of clients and the market. In addition, the firm also failed to elaborate important policies and regulations in regards to this unethical practice in order to prevent employers from attempting this illegal action. Moreover, the accounting firm was lacking an effective stakeholder management and important principles that could have helped build stakeholder relationships. Since the company’s primary and secondary social stakeholders are the employees, managers, clients, ethics committee, management committee, travel companies/airlines, and federal government, PwC should develop a strong stakeholder culture and stakeholder management capabilities. They can effectively address stakeholder issues and relationships, analyze the stakeholders’ power, monitor their interests and needs, communicate with them regularly, and stay engaged with them. In doing so, the company would be able to identify strategies for dealing with the key stakeholders and consider the relative power of different stakeholder groups along with their importance to the issues confronting the organization. PwC desired to be seen as an ethically responsible company by having an ethics committee, but instead, it was only trying to be ethically responsible through legitimation, which is â€Å"a dynamic process by which business seeks to perpetuate its acceptance† (Carro ll and Buchholtz 95). The firm wanted to continue to obtain financial gain even though Mr. Roberts and other partners had already questioned its practices. For instance, modifying its policy to offer discounts of 28 percent while still keeping 8 percent as a service fee. As a result, all these issues influenced Neil A. Roberts’ decision in filing a False Claims lawsuit against the accounting firm. The False Claims Act is good in its sense, which allows an individual to report a company whenever it is engaging in illegal activities, but Mr. Roberts could be using this Act to gain financial gain as he also participated in the False Claims lawsuit against IBM that settled in 2007. Consequently, these allegations create some concerns in regards to Mr. Roberts’ intentions. Was he acting ethically to overturn unethical companies or was he just acting to simply obtain financial gains, as the Act awards individuals a share of the winnings when they seek fraud damages on behalf of the government? All things considered, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP could have avoided this multimillion dollar lawsuit and scandal if only it had maintained its corporate legitimacy by observing all laws and regulations, and practicing good ethical principles towards its stakeholders. Works Cited AccountingWeb. PwC to Settle Travel Expenses Lawsuit for $54.5 Million. 23 December 2003. Web. 28 September 2014. Carroll, Archie B and Ann K Buchholtz. â€Å"Corporate Governance: Foundational Issues.† Business & Society ; Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Management. South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. 94-120. Paper. Carroll, Archie B and Ann K Buchholtz. â€Å"The Travel Expense Billing Controversy and False Claims Act.† Business & Society ; Ethics, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Management. Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. 628-31. Paper. Weil, Jonathan. â€Å"Court Files Offer Inside Look At Pricewaterhouse Billing Clash.† The Wall Street Journal Online (2004): 1-4. Web. 28 September 2014.

Five literary elements in Barbara Kimenye’s “The Winner” Essay

Barbara Kimenye’s â€Å"The Winner,† is an excellent example of a short story that does not necessarily use all five of the literary elements to their fullest potential, but still creates a sense of organic unity. In this analysis, the elements are organized in the order of theme, plot, characterization, setting, and then structure. Each element will be described and then â€Å"The Winner† and the events in it will be related to the elements. The purpose of the theme of a story is to provide insight to the reader about the author’s point-of-view on the topic they chose to write about. Theme can be communicated in two ways, both of which Ms. Kimenye utilized. One is to reveal the theme directly through a statement that a character makes, and the other is to allow the reader to interpret the theme based on the actions and reactions of the characters. She relates money and happiness throughout the story to convey her theme. Her use of description through the characters stressed her point very clearly. She used the right symbols, such as people, in the proper way to help the reader understand the purpose and meaning of the symbol. Overall, the way she incorporated the theme into the story could be considered to range from good to excellent. The plot of a story should have an element of suspense and irony in it to make the reader want to continue reading. It should also include at least one major complication, that is, the protagonist or another character is blocked from doing what they want to do. While all of this is going on, the order or events and relationship between events still has to make sense to the reader. There was a great deal of irony presented in the end of the story when Pius ended up changing his opinion of Cousin Sarah and marrying her, which the reader didn’t expect. Barbara Kimenye also kept the events in the story organized by some form and made it very simple for the reader to understand what was going on. While she fulfilled most of the characteristics of a good plot, one seemed to be lacking. There could have been more tension between characters present in the story. Ms. Kimenye made wonderful use of the element characterization. In short stories, not much depth is required as to the character’s personalities. It is only required that any reader be able to connect with one character.  However, in this story, one seemed to know Pius’ personality and by the end, could almost predict what his reactions would be to events. The setting in this story was somewhat described literally, but most good authors try to make a touch on figurative settings also. The setting is the conditions prior to the story, and should be described in clarity and detail. In this selection, one had a general idea of Pius’ surroundings, but no information presented was ever extremely detailed so that the reader could make a distinct picture in their head. Finally, the structure of a short story should always be fictional and written in prose. It should also contain no more than one plot and should be based on the plot rather than the characters. Short stories do not usually use all five literary elements clearly and with a great depth, although they are still present in some form. Ms. Kimenye chose a structure to write in at the beginning of the story and, for the most part, she stuck to all of the guidelines with it, although some things she did in the story may have been pushing it a little bit. In general, Barbara Kimenye used the five elements together in a way that most readers can understand and interpret to mean many things. The story could have been written better, but the author placed the elements together in a way that worked, regardless of whether or not she used them all to their full potential.

Overview Of Methodologies. Effectuation . Effectual Reasoning

Overview of Methodologies Effectuation Effectual reasoning was researched and developed by Sara Sarasvathy, Associate Professor in the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia. As stated by Sarasvathy, â€Å"‘effectual’ is the inverse ‘causal’† (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Throughout history, business students have been taught causal reasoning (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Causal reasoning consists of finding the best means (cheapest, quickest, most efficient, etc.) to reach a predetermined goal (Sarasvathy, n.d.). However, effectuation takes the opposite approach. Effectual thinking consists of collecting current means and determining potential outcomes utilizing these means. (Sarasvathy, n.d.). One approach is not better†¦show more content†¦Avoid doing a competitive analysis (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Additionally, target key companies instead of conducting broad market research. Developing pre-commitments reduces uncertainty in the future (Sarasvathy, n.d.). 3. Leveraging Contingencies - Turning the unexpected into something beneficial (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Not all surprises are always bad. Surprises can be used to help develop and grow a new venture. Rather than trying to predict the future, focus on activities within your control (â€Å"What is effectuation?† 2011). The logic behind effectual thinking is†¦ â€Å"to the extent that we can control the future, we do not need to predict it† (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Lean Startup Lean startup is a scientific approach to developing a new product or business. Eric Ries created the term, â€Å"lean startup† (Santoro, 2014). Ries was motivated to develop a startup approach that embraced failure, since most new businesses and startups usually fail (Santoro, 2014). Additionally, lean startups focus on using resources efficiently and eliminating waste (Santoro, 2014). Principles of Lean Startup 1. Entrepreneurs are Everywhere - Anyone can be an entrepreneur, whether you are working out of a garage or an international corporation. Entrepreneurship is not a product; it is a mindset that can be learned. 2. Entrepreneurship is Management - Entrepreneurship is not creating a product, it is creating an organization,